Empty Can Test

Assessing whether resistance in abduction with internal rotation evokes recognizable complaints or loss of strength.

1. 01
   Step 1: Arm in abduction, with the elbow extended.
2. 02
   Step 2: Place the arm in internal rotation so that the thumb points downward.
3. 03
   Step 3: Gradually apply resistance against arm elevation and assess pain and loss of strength.

• Recognizable pain

  When present

  The test provokes recognizable pain compared to the other side.

  Possible meaning

  Aligns with the patient's complaint.

• Loss of strength

  When present

  The test provokes clear loss of strength compared to the other side.

  Possible meaning

  Can be due to pain or to an actual reduction.

The outcome is one building block. Combine with history, loading pattern, and other findings. Pain and loss of strength are distinct findings with different meanings.

The test does not reliably differentiate structures. Pain can originate from multiple sources. Isolated tests easily lead to overinterpretation.

The diagnostic value depends on the population studied, the target pathology, and the criterion by which the test is considered positive. The reported sensitivity of 0.75 relates specifically to supraspinatus tendon tears, where the Empty Can Test was considered positive upon the combination of pain and loss of strength. This value should therefore not be interpreted as a general, fixed sensitivity of the Empty Can Test.

• Applying too much resistance all at once.
• Not asking about recognizability.
• Not comparing with the other side.